Alzheimers disease. Computer artwork of coronal (vertical) slices through a normal brain (left) and the brain of an Alzheimers patient (right). Alzheimers is a neurodegenerative disease that causes a loss of brain mass, which can be seen here as enlarged ventricles (holes within the brain tissue) and deep indentations around the brains edges. This leads to memory loss, confusion, language problems and personality changes.